Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

II Year B.Tech EEE I-Sem

FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY

UNIT I

Fluid statics: Dimensions and units: physical properties of fluids- specific gravity, viscosity

surface tension- vapor pressure and their influence on fluid motion- atmospheric gauge and vacuum

pressure – measurement of pressure- Piezometer, U-tube and differential manometers.

UNIT II

Fluid kinematics: stream line, path line and streak lines and stream tube, classification of flows-steady

& unsteady, uniform, non uniform, laminar, turbulent, rotational, and irrotational flows-equation of

continuity for one dimensional flow.

Fluid dynamics: surface and body forces –Euler’s and Bernoulli’s equations for flow along a stream

line, momentum equation and its application on force on pipe bend.

UNIT III

Closed conduit flow: Reynold’s experiment- Darcy Weisbach equation- Minor losses in pipes- pipes

in series and pipes in parallel- total energy line-hydraulic gradient line.

Measurement of flow: pilot tube, venturimeter, and orifice meter, Flow nozzle, Turbine flow meter

(Ref.4)

UNIT IV

Basics of turbo machinery: hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined,

and curved vanes, jet striking centrally and at tip, velocity diagrams, work don and efficiency, flow

over radial vanes.

UNIT V

Hydroelectric power stations: Elements of hydro electric power station-types-concept of

pumped storage plants-storage requirements, mass curve (explanation only) estimation of power

developed from a given catchment area; heads and efficiencies.

UNIT VI

Hydraulic Turbines: classification of turbines, impulse and reaction turbines, Pelton wheel,

Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine-working proportions, work done, efficiencies , hydraulic design

–draft tube- theory- functions and efficiency.

UNIT VII

Performance of hydraulic turbines: Geometric similarity, Unit and specific quantities,

characteristic curves, governing of turbines, selection of type of turbine, cavitation, surge tank, water

hammer.

UNIT-VIII

Centrifugal pumps: classification, working, work done – manomertic head- losses and

efficiencies- specific speed- pumps in series and parallel-performance characteristic curves, NPSH.

Reciprocating pumps: Working, Discharge, slip, indicator diagrams

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Hydraulics, fluid mechanics and Hydraulic machinery MODI and SETH.

2. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by Rajput.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power Engineering by D.S. Kumar, Kotaria & Sons.

2. Fluid Mechanics and Machinery by D. Rama Durgaiah, New Age International.

3. Hydraulic Machines by Banga & Sharma, Khanna Publishers.

4. Instrumentation for Engineering Measurements by James W. Dally, William E. Riley ,John Wiley

& Sons Inc. 2004 (Chapter 12 – Fluid Flow Measurements)